KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Lecture 10 (Week 9)

Today lecture class goes on as normal, madam come to the class and start the lecture 10 with the topic Knowledge Management System. From the beginning of the class, we discuss about what is a system. Basically the system is a step that have input, process, and output. Besides that, we also discuss about the system characteristics and study about how the system runs in the steps showed.

Figure 1: General characteristic of a system

The knowledge management system refers as technology basic, and the facilities is knowledge interactions, distribution, retrieval and retention. The knowledge also influence users’ acceptance of the knowledge management philosophy. For example: Complex-to-use system.

Figure 2: Complex-to-use system

The Knowledge system technologies supporting technologies in four areas of activity which is business process management, content management, web content management and knowledge applications management.

Figure 3: Business Process Management

Figure 4: Content Management System

Figure 5: Web Content Management System

Figure 6: Knowledge Application Management

The knowledge management system software include with decision support system, DSS applications, group decision support system, executive support systems, performance support systems, workflow management system, petri net for university application and customer relationship management system. Moreover, KMS development have seven stages which is justify, identify, clarify, evaluate, select, implement and evaluate. 

There is only 1 or 2 more chapters left for Introduction Knowledge Management this semester, this will be our last post after we have been writing it every week since week 2. It is a great experience to learn how to write a blog, we can share details and process how the class goes on by blogging. And also thank you madam Siti for guiding us throughout the semester. Hope there's some tips for final :P

That is all for our blog this semester. Thank you.

Tutorial 8

Tutorial 8 (Week 9)

Today tutorial same as usual, from the beginning of the tutorial class we discuss about the tutorial question on tutorial 8. Right after that, madam discuss the midterm test question with us. Ma'am dismiss the class after the discussion is finished.

Tutorial 6

Tutorial 6 (Week 8)

Today tutorial class continue as usual, madam discuss the tutorial question with us. One thing she emphasize during the class that we will have and need to keep thinking and thinking in order to find out the most suitable answers. Memorizing is not helping, it uses common sense sometime.

After that, we got very surprise because madam grants us another chance to improve the midterm result by giving supplementary paper. Actually it is not a supp paper, it should be an "improving result's paper". Ma'am told us the final marks for midterm will be obtained from these 2 papers, depend on which is the highest of these 2.

Similar like previous one, we are allow to refer to book, refer online or whatever source we have to guide us to answer the paper. Questions this time is actually from lecturer 6 instead of case study. This is better to score because we can find answers from the notes. We provide a very long answer for a few questions that we do not even know what it is because way too much. lol. One least of perfection which is, midterm mark will not increase yet it is choosing the best among these 2 papers. Feeling sad. haha

Ma'am is so effective on her works, the marks release in the evening and we manage to have a look on it. Not really happy because it only improve a little bit yet most of them can score well. Perhaps I have problem answering the questions. That is the final decision made on midterm, no more improvement or supp. 

THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TOOLS

THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Lecture 8/Lecture 9 (Week 8)

Today lecture class goes on as always but a little bit special. Ma'am conduct 2 chapters in today's lecture. The topics are The Learning organization and Knowledge Management tools which is lecture 08 and 09. She says that this is because there will be no class during the week after raya, so we will have to go through it first.

Ma'am discuss with us how a knowledge worker learns in a organization environment and what the individual learning style that will happen on each worker. After that, we also discuss what are the perspective of learning approaches will happen on the organisational and individual. From the organisation knowledge the knowledge workers may own many type of organizational knowledge which is know what, know who, know how , know why, know where , know when and know if. Besides, the organisational learning also conduct with 4 types of learning phases, consists of knowledge acquisition, information distribution, information interpretation and organisational memory those learning phase are come from Huber, 1991. Then we talk about organisational learning & learning organization. A few diagram and table below showing what are the learning organization all about.

Figure 1: The Individual Styles

Figure 2: The Organizational Learning and KM

Figure 3: The Organizational Learning & Learning Organization

Without wasting time, we proceed to the next chapter Knowledge Management Tools(Chapter 9) immediately. In this chapter, there are many KM management tools that will help some people to manage their knowledge. First, we talk about the Capturing knowledge cognitive mapping tools, information retrieval tools, search engine, agent technology and personalisation tools. After that, we study how to use the Email, Text-Based conferencing, Expertise Yellow Pages, Computer-based training/ e- learning, security, web 2.0, Blog, Wikis, Online social network 3-D virtual worlds and Groupware tools to share the knowledge. Lastlt, in this chapter it also has a few tools to evaluate knowledge, storing knowledge and presenting knowledge which is data mining, OLAP, Data Warehouse and Visualization. Below are some picture of the knowledge tools.

Figure 4: Cognitive Mapping Tools 

 Figure 5: Information Retrieval Tools

Figure 5: The 3-D Virtual Worlds

Figure 6: Groupware Tools

Before we end lecture 09, ma'am once again giving us hint that things that might be cover in final exam including what is the difference between wiki and group ware tools? Seems to be uneasy. Gonna really study hard due to unsatisfy and bad results we go in midterm.

One last thing that she ask is among the students who will be taking Enterprise resource planning and Information system audit these two subjects next semester. Faculty is considering to offer next semester although it is not in the normal course structure but priority to register is, you are final year and final sem student which is going to graduate after this. My friend actually need it so badly in order to graduate early without wasting time else he will force to take semester leave, it will be 4 months time wasting. Hope everything goes smoothly. End of lecture.

Knowledge Management (Organizational Culture)
Lecture 7 (Week 7)

This week lecture was a quite interesting class for us. In this topic cover how an organizational's culture affect the management of their knowledge. In the beginning, Mrs.Siti shared one of his childhood's stories with us "Shin Chan". I bet all of u sure heard it before. This story talk about Shin Chan asked his father for taking the last train every after his work. For Japan culture, every man that working out there should't return home early for proving they are be reused by the particular company. Besides, for Saudi Arabia woman's culture they can't alone for window shopping or whatever activities that leave their home. Relatively unfair for the woman.
On top of that, Mrs.Siti showed us few video related to organizational culture like working environment in Microsoft, and Google. The most attracting one is Google. Below is the link for Google.

After watch on the video, is google working environment attracting for u as well? :) Hard to believe that those facilities could exist in one organization. Wish to interview Google after watched it.

Midterm Exam

Midterm Exam (Week 7)

There is no tutorial class on week 7 instead we have a midterm exam on that day. Many of us can't really score well yet there is one among the student who got full marks. Wondering how does he answer all the questions perfectly.

Midterm format is basically a case study. We need to define a few things after we have read through it including date, information, tacit and explicit knowledge of the case, models it use etc.

Used up almost 15 minutes to understand the case and it results in lack of time to complete. Hope mark of the paper is not that low. 

Knowledge Acquisition & Application
Lecture 6 (Week 6)

As usual, this week we having lecture 6 that talk about Knowledge Acquisition & Application. Basically, this is all about how user and task modeling approaches help promote knowledge use at the individual, group, and organization level and how the individual and organizational learning link to each other.
Firstly, we went to individual  level of knowledge application based on four dimensions of personality type. Interest, Perception, Judgement, and Environment.

Judgement

Interest

Perception

Environment

Overall type of personality

Secondly, we came to organizational level of knowledge application. In this case, we separate it to two category, small and large organization. Small organization focus more on knowledge acquisition, because with few employee and limited resources, there are few obstacles to reusing and sharing among others. While large organization have difficulty finding and reusing the knowledge due to hard determination of the knowledge exist within the organization.

There are three major roles:
Knowledge Producer - Person who produced knowledge or object
Knowledge Intermediary - Prepares knowledge for reuse by indexing, packaging, marketing.
Knowledge Reuser - Retrieves, understands and applies knowledge.

Lastly, there are one last important role in organization, Knowledge Repository. Knowledge repository should contain valuable content that is mix of tacit and explicit knowledge. They are the core knowledge and link between users, organisational and external sources. With the search service provided, this might direct user to easy enabling sources such as people, organizational units, web sites, policies etc.
Knowledge repositories are most effective if they are structured in a systematic manner as a knowledge repository should be a one-stop shop for knowledge application.

Tutorial 5

Tutorial 5 (Week 6)

The tutorial class start as usual on 10am every Tuesday. From the beginning of the tutorial class madam start discussing the tutorial question with us, after that we discuss a case study in the tutorial question. Madam said midterm will come out a question similar like the case study question and call us focus on it. Before end of the class she give us play a color game and call us read with the color and the word's name to test our recognition capability.

This is how the Color Game look like, after discuss with us how to play this game madam point out a student to play the game. The student read the color and the name carefully because our brain need some time to deliberate it. Then we end off the tutorial class.

Tutorial 4

Tutorial 4 (Week 5)

Tutorial class start off like what we always do, starting with the first question of tutorial 4.  During the middle of the class, ma'am ask us to draw knowledge capture & codification about knowledge management this subject in a cognitive maps form.

This is how my cognitive maps actually looks like. Yes, extremely ugly it is, and seem like very blur. Because i just simple do the rough one, will redo a clearer one later on.

And not forgot to mention, I notice some other thing. From what I have observed from other person's blog, they say they have conducted another activity during tutorial which we do not have during ours. It's the steps of how to get into a kancil, the perodua car, and also how to come out from the car. She ask students to demo and show their own steps. Ma'am is actually showing what is "learning by being told".

Lecturer 5 - Knowledge Sharing & Communities of Practice (COP)

Knowledge Sharing & Communities of Practice (COP)
Lecture 5 (Week 5) 

Time flies, we have already stepped into July month, and it is week 5 of this trimester. As usual, 8am class is really torturing since we always go to bed not that early, bad habit indeed. Lecture class starts at 8am on time. Before this, madam mention that this chapter is very important, could be really helpful if we understand it well. So she remind us pay enough attention during class. Example learning outcomes in the end of chapter are key components of a community of practice, major roles and responsibilities in a community of practice, and identify enablers and obstacles to knowledge sharing.

First, we go into some brief introduction. What do people do usually when they capture any knowledge? Studies show that the correct one should be share and disseminate throughout the organization once the knowledge has been captured and codified. A simple phase shows when people finding source online, the chance of failing is always 95% while 5% to success. When it goes another way round, which mean people searching information off-line, they could easily success eventually. It is 90% over 10%. Communities of Practice (COP) basically mean how the people traditionally shared knowledge through ‘word of mouth’, in another word, verbally. Besides that, the COP also differ from other kinds of groups in organizations which in terms of The way they define their enterprise, The way they exist over time and The way they set their boundaries. In addition, the COP also got it roles and responsibilities which is visitor, novices, regular, leaders and elders. This role are very similar like the rank in forums.

Figure 1 : Forms of Joint Work in Organizations

Figure 2: Community of Practice (COP)

Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, group, organizations, computers or other information/knowledge processing entities. It also identifying networks can help to improve knowledge flow and performance, identify key brokers and hoarders. 

Figure 3 : SNA (Social Network Analysis)

SNA techniques including Visualization tools used in conjunction with surveys which uses question based on objectives and good survey design is key consideration. Cluster analysis - identify highly integrated subgroups. Clustering measures the connectivity around each node. 

Undernet, one of the important topic. Ma'am ask us to take note that it is important. Undernet refers to an organization practice knowledge sharing but it may be occurring informally. Knowledge flows best when climate of trust exits, knowledge exchange is bidirectional, sender and receiver view each other as credible. Meanwhile, SNA can help identify 'undernet' in organization. 

After ma'am conclude the summary part, we are free to go. End of lecture 5 week 5. another week just gone. 

Tutorial 3

Tutorial 3 (Week 4)


It's 10am tutorial class again, feeling quite sleepy yet tutorial class will never failed to get your attention. So we start with discussing the 3 tutorial questions. We get into more details on knowledge management model and how it is link to knowledge management life cycle(KMLC). Miss Siti finish up the question within 30 minutes. After that, we proceed to the more interesting activities. This is the part where we put more attention and concern on it than usual.

So, today's activitiy is about "Famous Global Brands". This activity requires us to draw out whatever brand that Miss randomly pick without any references. First, draw the MMU's logo. Seems to be extremely easy right? Since we are MMU students for quite a few years already. Yet the issue here is, usually a thing that we used to observe everyday but not so into it, it is blur when we recall. Like what we are doing now, we actually cannot really draw the logo so details, just drawing it roughly. Hard time huh. Don't ever slip out anything in your daily life even thought it is just a tiny one. Lesson learnt.

So this is one of our drawing, similar to the exact one? I think so (**tittering :D)

While this is the exact the correct one. 

Another branded logo that ma'am ask us to draw is the Mcd logo. Obviously many of us will be able to finish this easily because it is so easy, just a simple "M".

Tutorial class ends after we have done that logo drawing.

Lecture 4 - Knowledge Capture & Codification

Introduction to Knowledge Management 
Lecture 4 (Week 4)


Knowledge Capture & Codification

Miss is late for today's class for around 5-10 minutes. This is because she has to deal with her two little princess and send them to school. They are twins, yessssssss TWINS! so cute and pretty. Take your time miss, we understand your difficulties. haha. But eventually one of the twins did not get down from the car due to some uniform issue and follow miss Siti to campus and have class with us together. Of course everyone is curious why there is a little girl hiding behind miss. After she explains then only we know what is going on.

Without wasting anytime, class starts with ma'am explain with us the learning outcome about the Knowledge Capture & Codification. From the discussion on this chapter we can see that there have 3 approaches separate into interviewing experts, learning by being told, and learning by observation. The interview experts consist with a structured interview and it got 4 techniques which is paraphrasing, clarifying, summarizing and reflecting. Other than that, the learning by being told also consist with the Domain and task analysis, Process tracing and protocol analysis, and simulation. The last is the Learning by Observations, it consist with 2 expertise which is Motor-based and Cognitive expertise. Besides that, we also learn the Knowledge Acquisition Phase, Cognitive Maps, Decision Trees, and Knowledge Taxonomies which under the Codification Techniques.

When it comes to the Tacit Capture in Individual/Group : Interviewing Experts, Stories part, She defines that an organizational story can be defined as a detailed narrative of past management actions, employee interactions, or other key events that have occurred and that have been communicated informally. Knowledge -sharing stories need to be authentic, believable, and compelling. Before she goes to the next slide, she ask us to read the storytelling of IBM on page 87-88 of eBook which has been uploaded by her on mmls and submit next week in handwritten translation. When was the last time I copy something like this? Has been a long time since secondary school.

Figure 1: Knowledge Acquisition Phase

Figure 2: Cognitive Maps 

Figure 2.1: Cognitive Maps 

Figure 3: Decision Trees

Figure 4: Knowledge Taxomies

Midterm is coming soon at 16/7. gonna work harder on it.

One Day Trip To Sasana Kijang

One Day Trip To Sasana Kijang


This wednesday, lecturer get us a trip to bank negara to experience how they manage over the knowledge management centre. We depart at 7.50 a.m.Weather is perfectly suit to go outdoor or a trip.
With kind a excited mood, we finally reach there around 11 a.m. and expect to have a breakfast before the whole program start, but there is no breakfast available :'( Firstly, we get into a speech by a woman from knowledge management department with empty stomach and she briefly explain what is knowledge management with a few question. Due to empty stomach and lack of essence in the early morning, we seem to be not focusing enough and confused with the question. haha :D I know Miss Siti is shocked by our response. Sorry about that anyway.

After the speech, we start visit the departments in the center and also their library. According to the person, the library is even open to public and we may visit anytime we want. How convenience is that.
Then we visit museum. It has a lot of precious thing that we have never seen before. Of course lar, if not it will not be in the museum.

Last but no least, we go to kid museum. The money tunnel got our attention

This is the outside view of Sasana Kijang. Design of Sasana Kijang is quite unique and beautiful.

Knowledge Management Centre

Some of the activities we had done inside the museum

Example of cheque

Example of money making

So the visitation ends at around 1pm. We should have our lunch by that time but due to the limited place options, it delays to 2.15 p.m, at a kawasan rehat beside highway. And we finally back to campus at 4p.m. Although everyone seems to be quite exhausted yet it is a worth trip and we gain something benefit on it. Yet miss mention that the visitation should not be only these, we shall get a few more higher level officer to give speech and hands on the system. However, it is enjoyable. 

Introduction to Knowledge Management 
Lecture 3 (Week 3) 

Knowledge Management Model

Do you know Amber Chia? The famous model in Malaysia. Third lecture class starts with this conversation between Madam and us. Since we are talking about Models, so you should know lecture 3 is something related to model. Yes, it's about models, but not Amber Chia that kind of model, it's Knowledge Management Models. In this chapter we will be able to learn and understand the key tenets of the major Knowledge Management theoretical model in use today, Link the KM frameworks to key KM concepts and the major phases of the KM cycle and explain the complex adaptive system model of KM and how it addresses the subjective and dynamic nature of content to be managed. Actually I don't really understand what are the outcomes about, but maybe I might get some idea when Madam go through the lecture. There are some KM Models in this lecturer section which is von Krogh and Roos (1995), Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), Choo (1998), Wiig (1993), Weick (2001) and Boisot (1998).

Figure 1: von Krogh and Roos (1995)

From the Figure 1 we can see that there are 2 people standing between each other to share their knowledge. Because sometime the people is the knowledge owner or knowledge seeker depend on what kind of situation it is. Successful organization KM may lead the organization to become more innovative, competitive advantage and achieve organization goals. Five important factors in this model, mind set of the individuals, communication in the organization, organizational structure, relationship between members, and management of human resources. 

Figure 2: Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)

The Nonaka and Takeuchi model is focusing on knowledge spirals that explain the transformation of knowledge to create knowledge and the knowledge spiral shows how the organizations, articulate, organize  and systematize individual tacit knowledge. In the diagram it separates into 4 part of function which can be Socialization (tacit-to-tacit), Externalization (tacit-to-explicit), Combination (explicit-to-explicit) and Internalization (explicit-to-tacit).

Figure 3: Choo (1998)

Interesting name right? But seriously, it is the Model's name. The Choo Sense-Making Model emphasize on how individual must make sense, or develop understanding, of the knowledge that is available in the organization and play an important role in how decisions are made within organizations. The choo diagram are conducted in 3 important categories which is Sense Making, Decision Making and Knowledge Making.

Figure 4: WIIG (1993)

The WIIG Model focus on how the knowledge can be useful, valuable,and organized. Knowledge can be "Public","Shares", and "Personal".Knowledge also can be organized based on completeness, connectedness,  congruency, perspective and purpose.

Figure 5: Boisot (1998)

The Boisot I-space Model have 2 key point which is more easily data can be structured and converted into information, the more diffusible it becomes and  less data that has been so structured requires a sgared context for its diffusion, the more diffusible it becomes.It also visualized into 3 demensional cube which is th Codified-Uncodified, Abstract-Concrete and Diffused-Undiffused.

In the middle of the lecture, Madam gives us some tips about midterm and final. I like the way she gives us tips. so Ma'am, please give us MORE. HAHAHA. of course you have to study also, tips might not enough for us to pass because KM is about understanding and comprehend. That is why open book is allowed during the coming midterm.

Not forget to mention, the haze in Malacca is getting worst. I can hardly breath ever since i step out from my house and on the way to class. Stay indoor guys and reduce your outdoor activities until the haze period is over. Take care and wear mask whenever you go outside. No one feel comfortable about it, I hate it either. Hope it gets better soon.

Introduction to Knowledge Management 

Tutorial 2 (Week 3)

As usual, our tutorial class start at 10.00am sharp. Without wasting any time, Madam discuss the first tutorial question with us and explain what is the Knowledge Management Life Cycle (KMLC) about. We Finish up all the questions just within half an hour since it has only total 5 questions. And with the plenty of time left, Madam says that we can proceed to another interesting activity till the end of the class. Right after that, she ask us to take out the T-shirt that she had told us to bring during last lecture class and teach us how to fold it in 2 seconds by first, listen to the instructions. We manage to follow the first and second steps but things go completely complicated since the third step onward. Perhaps our listening and understanding level without a VIDEO just too bad (laughs). After a few tries, Madam finally open a video from YouTube which is the exact "how to fold a t-shirt in 2 seconds" video. Those steps are just exactly the same as the instructions show, we just could not get it properly because it's verbally instead of action. Video seems interesting thus we also try it our own, following exactly what is the video trying to show. Things go another way round this time because we can simple finish every of the steps. Maybe it's not the best and fastest one yet still a good try. The power and impact of learning a new thing by following a proper video, or is it because of our lousy listening and understanding skills? hmm...

One of our friend get ahead of everyone and finish it at exact 2 seconds so Madam gives him a free milo can as prize? If I am not mistaken, it is a milo can.
Another activity using color pencil will be conducted on the next tutorial class.

Below is the video shows how to fold a t-shirt in 2 seconds. Try it yourself and perhaps you could become a great "Shirt folder" and help your mom or even girlfriend to finish the stuff next time. lol

Introduction to Knowledge Management 
Lecture 2 

Knowledge Management Life Cycle

So now we are in the second lecture of Knowledge Management. Before look into details on the life cycle, we all required to draw our own's life cycle. As usual, Madam goes around to guide us to draw the life cycle and giving comment. Before end of today's lecturer, we should be able to describe how valuable individual, group, and organizational knowledge is captured, created, codified, shared, accessed, applied, and reused throughout the knowledge management cycle. Besides, we should be able to compare and identify the major benefits of each phase of the KM life-cycle models.

Example life cycle of one of us. Seems messy. lol :)

Above diagram show the example of student's daily life cycle. Looking in different student's drawing, there are different stages in their daily life. Every student have their own daily life's cycle, by drawing this, we clearly know the routine in our daily life and we can manage our time wisely. 

Above diagram shows the example of KM life-cycle models. We create knowledge, capture knowledge, refine and place knowledge into context to make it usable, Store and manage knowledge, and also disseminate knowledge at anytime to anyone.

Introduction to Knowledge Management 

Tutorial 1

The tutorial class section start on week 2, from the beginning of the tutorial class madam call each of the group present their Blog to every student and link the Blog together for knowledge exchange. After that, madam discussing the tutorial question with us. From the tutorial question we can see that got a question is very interesting it is ask about the examples for tacit and explicit of a football coach, football player and referee in a football match. After we read from this question for a few minutes, our brain suddenly appear a live football match to determine how the tacit and explicit of a football coach, football player and referee in the live match. Below is the Table for this question we are interesting.

 

	TACIT KNOWLEDGE	EXPLICIT KNOWLEDG
COACH	From experience they know what motivation type suit to each  player Eg: motivate them in 1stand 2nd hours break; have a lot of strategy to win the match; give hint to player in the field etc.	Each coach should know the strength and weaknesses of each player in the team; right positioning of player based on their strength and weakness would be important to make the strategy formalize succeed or not.
PLAYER	must know how to put themselves at the right time and right place, have skill which is know how to react, how to goal, try to catch the ball, have instinct that they know where the ball is going to go then how to catch/block it, build the cooperation between the team player and  how to treat opponent player and etc.	Player should know and have skill how to play, kick and header the ball; know the rules and regulation of the match
REFEREE	Know the rules of the game; how to control and finish the game; handling the emotion of player; decide to give yellow & red card or penalty	Observe the body action of player whether there are cheat or not in the game, then ball is outside off the field and any other decision he can take to enforce the game and etc.

Introduction to Knowledge Management Lecture 1

Overview of Knowledge Management

This is the very class of  Introduction To Knowledge Management. We feel glad and great to join the class because Madam Siti Fatimah will be lecturing us again. She is a friendly and heartilyl ecturer. As usual Madam will show us the lecture plan throughout the entire semester and briefly tell us what is KM about. Before she starts the class, she share with us the learning outcomes of Knowledge Management and what are we able to do in the end of lecture. Chapter 1, the Overview of Knowledge Management. Basically, Madam will go though every slide of the chapter and explain to us in details. Soon she starts the class and the first thing we learn is pyramid diagram.

The pyramid diagram.

From the diagram we can see that it distributes into four parts which is Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. After she describe the pyramid diagram to us, she asks us to draw a flower on a piece of paper. Yes, a flower.

Why does she asks us to draw a flower? 

At first, I have no idea why do we need to draw a flower but then she explain to us it is because she wants to let us know each person's Data, Information and Knowledge are uniquely different with others and we are able to see the differences in a simple drawing. After that we also learn the Types of Knowledge which separates into 2 part, Tacit knowledge and Explicit knowledge.

  Tacit and Explicit.

What I know about them is Tacit knowledge can not be expressed in words, sentences and etc while Explicit Knowledge can be expressed in words, sentences, number and formulas. In the middle of the class, Madam tell us that that will be a trip to Bank Negara on 26/6 which is Wednesday. Attendance is compulsory because it's part of the lecture. Looking forward to the trip. seems amusing.

Madam manages to finish all the 30 slides of Chapter 1 before she ends the class. Class finally ends at roughly around 9.40am to 9.50am. KM seems to be interesting yet not really easy. You have to really understand every thing and work hard on it. End of chapter 1, end of first class.